古筝，又名汉筝、秦筝、瑶筝、鸾筝，也被称为“众乐之王”“东方钢琴”，是中国汉民族传统乐器中的筝乐器，属于弹拨乐器，是中国独特的、重要的民族乐器之一，[1]早在春秋战国时期就盛行于陕西、甘肃一带，[2]常用于独奏、重奏、器乐合奏和歌舞、戏曲、曲艺的伴奏，[3]现代又出现了小古筝、便携式古筝、迷你古筝、半筝、新筝、十二平均律转调筝。[4]
The Guzheng, also known as the Han Zheng, Qin Zheng, Yao Zheng, Luan Zheng, and also known as the "King of Music" and "Eastern Piano", is a traditional Chinese instrument of the Han ethnic group. It belongs to the plucked instrument and is one of the unique and important ethnic instruments in China. As early as the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it flourished in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. It is commonly used for solo, ensemble, instrumental ensemble, and accompaniment in song and dance, opera, and folk arts. In modern times, the Xiaoguzheng has also emerged Portable Guzheng, Mini Guzheng, Half Zheng, New Zheng, Twelve Equal Rhythm Tuned Zheng. [4]
古筝的结构由面板、雁柱（一些地段也称之为筝码）、琴弦、前岳山、弦钉、调音盒、琴足、后岳山、侧板、出音口、底板、穿弦孔组成。[4]古筝的形制为长方形木质音箱，弦架“筝柱”（即雁柱）可以自由移动，一弦一音，按五声音阶排列，最早以25弦筝为最多（分瑟为筝），唐宋时有弦十三根，后增至十六根、十八弦、二十一弦等，最常用的规格为二十一弦。通常古筝的型号前用S163-21，S代表S形岳山，是王巽之与缪金林共同发明，163代表古筝长度是163厘米左右，21代表古筝弦数21根。[2]古筝的音色优美，音域宽广，演奏技巧丰富，具有相当强的表现力。[1]古筝音乐一般具有结构对称性、旋律流畅性、节奏规律性、内容感情性的特点；筝曲音韵典雅含蓄，旋律流畅优美
The structure of the Guzheng consists of a panel, a goose pillar (also known as a zheng code in some areas), strings, front Yue Mountain, string nails, tuning boxes, qin feet, back Yue Mountain, side panels, sound outlets, bottom plates, and string holes. [4] The shape of the Guzheng is a rectangular wooden speaker, with a string frame called a "zheng pillar" (also known as a goose pillar) that can move freely. Each string has one tone and is arranged in a pentatonic scale. Initially, 25 strings were the most common (divided into zither), and during the Tang and Song dynasties, there were 13 strings, which later increased to 16 strings, 18 strings, 21 strings, etc. The most commonly used specification was 21 strings. Usually, the model of the Guzheng is preceded by S163-21, where S represents the S-shaped Mount Yue, jointly invented by Wang Xunzhi and Miao Jinlin. 163 represents the length of the Guzheng, which is about 163 centimeters, and 21 represents the number of strings in the Guzheng. [2] The guzheng has a beautiful timbre, a wide range of sounds, rich playing techniques, and a strong expressive power. [1] Guzheng music generally has the characteristics of structural symmetry, smooth melody, rhythmic regularity, and emotional content; The melody of the zheng music is elegant and implicit, with a smooth and beautiful melody